X-ray film emulsion is made of a gelatin and silver halide solution. Often used is silver bromide. The gelatin itself is made of cattle bone for x-ray film. The gelatin is used to separate the silver halide grains, thus limiting chances of clumping. The solutions used for developers and fixers are able to enter the gelatin very quickly without changing the behaviors of the gelatin. Also, the gelatin is able to be obtained in large quanitities that are of a uniform quality.
Small grains of crystal, formed from the silver halide, are the substance in the emulsion that is light sensitive. Otherwise known as silver-iodo-bromide, these grains are primarily composed of silver bromide with a limited percentage of silver iodide. The gelatin suspends the grains of the film emulsion. Arranged in a cubic lattice, the atoms in the silver-iodo-bromide crystals each contain many point defects. It is at these points where a silver ion is displaced to the extent that it is able to move freely through the crystal. It is due to this mobility that a latent image is able to be created. A latent image occurs when a light sensitive material has been exposed to light but has not yet been developed. Thus, an invisible image is on the light sensitive material.
In the exposure process, the energy created from absorbing the light is enough to free an electron in the crystal from a bromide ion. The electron is able to travel through the crystal until it gets to a site of imperfection within the crystal. Free silver ions are attracted to negative charges and so they combine to reduce the charge, thus forming an atom of metallic silver. This single atom becomes an electron trap for another electron which is then attracted to another silver atom, thus continuing the process as long as the light exposurer continues.
| X-Ray Film Cross Reference Chart | |||
| Full-Speed Blue | Green | Green Lattitude | Duplicating |
| Mackie XRB | Mackie XRO | Mackie XROL | Mackie XR-DUP |
| Kodak RP, Kodak DF-75, Kodak DF-76 | Kodak T-MAT-G, Kodak Ektavision G | Kodak T-MAT-L, Kodak Ektavision L | Kodak X-OMAT DUP |
| AGFA Radiomat-B | AGFA Radiomat-SG | AGFA Radiomat-GL | AGFA Radiomat Duplicating, AGFA Radiomat-DUP |
Above, you will seen a chart that cross references various types of negatives. As you can see, you can get the same types from Mackie as you can get from Kodak and AGFA. For example, XRO is equivalent to Kodak T-MAT-G and Kodak Ektavision G as well as AGFA Radiomat-SG. If you are interested in learning more about the products, which include different types of negatives and chemicals, offered from Mackie, follow the link below.
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